Exploring the economic and environmental forces shaping Texas’ next real estate frontier.
The Rising Importance of Water in Texas Real Estate
Texas has always been defined by its relationship with water—where it flows, who controls it, and how much is left to go around. But as population growth, industrial expansion, and climate pressures converge, that relationship is being tested in unprecedented ways.
According to the Texas Real Estate Research Center’s recent Tierra Grande issue, “Wrangling Texas Water,” the state’s reliable water supplies are projected to decline by nearly 18% between 2020 and 2070, even as demand continues to rise.
That forecast has profound implications not only for agriculture but also for commercial development, industrial site selection, and long-term land valuation—key areas of concern for anyone in the CRE sector.
Scarcity as a Market Force
For decades, water was a given in most valuation models—a utility line item rather than a variable. That’s changing quickly.
Scarcity is now a defining market force in regions across Texas, particularly in the Hill Country, West Texas, and the outskirts of fast-growing metros like Austin, San Antonio, and Dallas-Fort Worth.
Land parcels with secure, long-term water access, whether through municipal infrastructure, private wells, or water rights, are beginning to command premium pricing and stronger investor interest.
Meanwhile, areas facing depleted aquifers or uncertain groundwater district regulations may see cap rates expand and development timelines slow, especially for projects requiring high water consumption such as data centers, manufacturing, or multi-family developments.
How Water Constraints Influence Development Feasibility
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Municipal Capacity Limits. Cities across Texas are re-evaluating infrastructure investments and utility extensions as their per-capita water availability drops. This directly affects where and how new projects can break ground. Developers may encounter moratoriums on new hookups or steep impact fees in high-growth corridors.
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Entitlement Risk. Water supply studies are increasingly part of the entitlement process. A property’s ability to demonstrate access to a sustainable source can determine whether it qualifies for certain zoning, permitting, or subdivision approvals.
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Financing Considerations. Lenders and investors are beginning to ask tougher questions about water risk—particularly in long-horizon investments such as master-planned communities or agricultural transitions. A parcel’s valuation may now need to incorporate a “water-adjusted” risk premium.
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Industrial and Energy Projects. In regions where water is needed for cooling, processing, or energy production, supply constraints can limit expansion or trigger costly infrastructure upgrades. This adds another layer of complexity to site selection and valuation.
Rural and Agricultural Land: The Front Line of Change
The Texas Real Estate Research Center notes that agricultural water use is declining, while municipal demand is increasing. That shift is redrawing the state’s economic map.
For rural landowners, this presents both risk and opportunity:
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Irrigated land dependent on stressed aquifers may face long-term production declines, influencing lease rates and resale value.
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Dryland farms or ranches with surface access, reliable wells, or transferable water rights could emerge as high-value holdings.
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Recreational and transitional tracts near growth corridors may gain appeal as developers seek parcels with verified water access for future residential or mixed-use projects.
Ultimately, water reliability is becoming a core differentiator in how land is appraised and marketed—and that will likely intensify in the coming decade.
The Regulatory and Planning Landscape
Texas’ water governance is complex, combining local groundwater conservation districts (GCDs) with state-level planning regions that forecast needs and set priorities.
Understanding which GCD or regional plan governs a property is now essential. Each district sets its own rules on:
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Drilling permits and well spacing
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Production limits and metering
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Transfer of water across district boundaries
For CRE professionals and investors, this regulatory patchwork adds both uncertainty and opportunity. Proactive engagement with these rules and alignment with regional water plans can help mitigate risk early in the due diligence process.
Quantifying the Impact on Land Value
From a valuation perspective, the water factor is moving from a background assumption to a primary driver of market value in certain regions. Analysts are now considering:
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Water Rights as a Distinct Asset: Rights can sometimes be leased, sold, or severed—introducing both upside potential and valuation complexity.
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Water Infrastructure as a Value Multiplier: Existing infrastructure (such as wells, tanks, or treatment capacity) can materially influence utility costs and development feasibility.
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Risk Adjustments for Scarcity: Properties in constrained supply areas may warrant downward adjustments or require alternative income projections based on water-dependent use restrictions.
For institutional investors or large portfolio managers, incorporating water risk into sensitivity models is becoming best practice—not only to forecast returns, but to ensure long-term sustainability of assets.
Preparing for a Water-Conscious Market
The next generation of Texas real estate decisions will require an awareness of water as capital—finite, valuable, and integral to growth. Steps forward include:
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Conducting water resource audits during site selection and acquisition.
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Integrating hydrological assessments into valuation and appraisal workflows.
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Collaborating early with regional planners and utility providers.
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Evaluating alternative supply strategies, such as water reuse or shared infrastructure agreements.
How Lowery Property Advisors Can Help
At Lowery Property Advisors, our team combines deep experience in valuation, regulatory awareness, and data-driven analysis to help clients navigate these evolving challenges.
We provide:
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Comprehensive water-related valuation assessments for land, agricultural, industrial, and development properties.
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Due diligence support that evaluates how supply reliability and regulation influence project feasibility.
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Market insights that translate environmental data into actionable investment intelligence.
Water scarcity may be reshaping Texas—but with the right perspective and planning, it also reveals where the next wave of opportunity will flow.
Navigating a Resource-Driven Market
As Texas enters a new era where water scarcity intersects with land use, understanding the data behind those shifts is essential for sound investment and valuation decisions.
At LPA, we’re dedicated to helping clients interpret how evolving environmental, regulatory, and market conditions influence property value across Texas. Our goal is to deliver clarity—turning complex dynamics like water availability into informed insight that supports confident, strategic decision-making.
To explore how shifting water trends could shape property values in your market, connect with your local LPA team or visit the Let’s Connect button on our website.


